En aquellos años, Alemania estuvo dividida entre el bloque Occidental, liderado por Estados Unidos, y por el bloque del Este (oriental-comunista), liderado por la entonces Unión de las Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), en una planetaria disputa ideológica.
FILE PHOTO: East and West German citizens celebrate as they climb the Berlin wall at the Brandenburg gate after the opening of the East German border was announced in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Herbert Knosowski/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Berliners take a hammer and chisel to a section of the Berlin Wall in front of the Brandenburg Gate after the opening of the East German border was announced in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
Barbwire is pictured at the entrance to the museum of the original escape tunnel from West Berlin to East Berlin at Brunnenstrasse, discovered by former Communist East Germany's Stasi secret police in February 1971, during its presentation to the public in Berlin, Germany, November 7, 2019. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
FILE PHOTO: An East Berlin citizen (C) embraces a West Berlin woman while an East German border soldier watches on at the border checkpoint Invalidenstrasse after the opening of the East German border in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
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© AP Photo / ANONYMOUS
FILE - In this Friday, Nov. 10, 1989 file photo, Germans from East and West stand on the Berlin Wall in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. (AP Photo, File)
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© AP Photo / Lionel Cironneau
FILE - In this Saturday Nov. 11, 1989 file photo, East German border guards are seen through a gap in the Berlin wall after demonstrators pulled down a segment of the wall at Brandenburg gate, Berlin. (AP Photo/Lionel Cironneau, File)
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© AP Photo / Lutz Schmidt
FILE - In this Tuesday Nov. 14, 1989 file photo, a sight-seeing West Berliner carries his baby and uses a hammer and chisel to carve out a piece of the Berlin Wall. Many souvenir hunters come to the Berlin to break pieces off the crumbling wall. (AP Photo/Lutz Schmidt, File)
FILE PHOTO: East German citizens crossing a newly opened checkpoint into West Berlin near the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, December 22, 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
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© Sputnik / Yuri Somov
El muro de Berlín
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© AP Photo / Markus Schreiber
A man puts a flower in a crack of the former Berlin Wall to commemorate the victims of the wall at the Berlin Wall memorial site at Bernauer Strasse in Berlin, Germany, Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014. 25 years ago - on Nov. 9, 1989 - the East-German government lifted travel restrictions and thousands of East Berliners had pushed their way past perplexed border guards to celebrate freedom with their brethren in the West. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber)
FILE PHOTO: East and West German citizens celebrate as they climb the Berlin wall at the Brandenburg gate after the opening of the East German border was announced in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Herbert Knosowski/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Berliners take a hammer and chisel to a section of the Berlin Wall in front of the Brandenburg Gate after the opening of the East German border was announced in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
Barbwire is pictured at the entrance to the museum of the original escape tunnel from West Berlin to East Berlin at Brunnenstrasse, discovered by former Communist East Germany's Stasi secret police in February 1971, during its presentation to the public in Berlin, Germany, November 7, 2019. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
FILE PHOTO: An East Berlin citizen (C) embraces a West Berlin woman while an East German border soldier watches on at the border checkpoint Invalidenstrasse after the opening of the East German border in Berlin, Germany, November 9, 1989. On November 9th Germany will mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) in 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
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© AP Photo / ANONYMOUS
FILE - In this Friday, Nov. 10, 1989 file photo, Germans from East and West stand on the Berlin Wall in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. (AP Photo, File)
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© AP Photo / Lionel Cironneau
FILE - In this Saturday Nov. 11, 1989 file photo, East German border guards are seen through a gap in the Berlin wall after demonstrators pulled down a segment of the wall at Brandenburg gate, Berlin. (AP Photo/Lionel Cironneau, File)
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© AP Photo / Lutz Schmidt
FILE - In this Tuesday Nov. 14, 1989 file photo, a sight-seeing West Berliner carries his baby and uses a hammer and chisel to carve out a piece of the Berlin Wall. Many souvenir hunters come to the Berlin to break pieces off the crumbling wall. (AP Photo/Lutz Schmidt, File)
FILE PHOTO: East German citizens crossing a newly opened checkpoint into West Berlin near the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, December 22, 1989. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch/File Photo
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© Sputnik / Yuri Somov
El muro de Berlín
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© AP Photo / Markus Schreiber
A man puts a flower in a crack of the former Berlin Wall to commemorate the victims of the wall at the Berlin Wall memorial site at Bernauer Strasse in Berlin, Germany, Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014. 25 years ago - on Nov. 9, 1989 - the East-German government lifted travel restrictions and thousands of East Berliners had pushed their way past perplexed border guards to celebrate freedom with their brethren in the West. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber)
Para evitar la migración de las personas de un lado a otro, el bloque oriental decidió el 13 de agosto de 1961 levantar un muro provisional y cerrar 69 puntos de control. Esta extensa pared de hormigón medía entre 3,5 y 4 metros de altura, con un interior formado por cables de acero para aumentar su resistencia.
Unas 100.000 personas intentaron cruzar el muro, 3.000 fueron detenidas y al menos 140 murieron en la travesía entre Berlín Este y Berlín Oeste a lo largo de 28 años entre 1961 y 1989.
Fue el 9 de noviembre de 1989 cuando los berlineses empezaron a derribar el emblemático Muro de Berlín por sus propios medios. Se trató de un día histórico, que marcó el fin de la Guerra Fría.
En la actualidad, la capital alemana conserva una pequeña parte del muro, que ha ganado colores y visitas turísticas desde toda parte del mundo.
